ARGININE, A NUTRIENT CANCER UTILIZES.

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.ade9120

A CANCER FIGHTING PAGE.

RESA ResEARCH ARTICLE 

on CANCER

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Arginine limitation drives a directed 

codon-dependent DNA sequence evolution

 response in colorectal cancer cells.

DENNIS J. HSU HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0003-4200-1098, JENNY GAO HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0003-4682-7428, NORIHIRO YAMAGUCHI HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0001-8023-9748, ALEXANDRA PINZARU, QIUSHUANG WU HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0002-9301-3630, NANDAN MANDAYAM HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0002-4061-9348,

 MARIA LIBERTI, SØREN HEISSEL, HANAN ALWASEEM HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0002-4946-1436, [...], AND SOHAIL F. TAVAZOIE +1 authorsAuthors Info & Affiliations

SCIENCE ADVANCES

6 Jan 2023

Vol 9, Issue 1

DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade9120

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AbstractCodon Wheel

Decoding DNA

Use the codon wheel to translate DNA codons into amino acids.

To decode a codon find the first letter of your sequence in the inner circle and work outwards

to see the corresponding amino acid. For example: CAT codes for H (Hisitidine).

*Please note that this wheel uses the sense DNA codons (5’ to 3’).

DNA codon chart organized in a wheel

Amino acid code

A - Alanine G - Glycine M - Methionine S - Serine

C - Cysteine H - Hisitidine N - Asparagine T - Threonine

D - Aspartic Acid I - Isoleucine P - Proline V - Valine

E - Glutamic acid K - Lysine Q - Glutamine W - Tryptophan

What are Codons? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ 

F - Phenylala nine L - Leucine R - Arginine Y - Tyrosine

Utilization of specific codons varies between organisms. 

Cancer represents a model for understanding DNA sequence evolution.

 We found that across human cancer, arginine codons are

 frequently mutated to other codons. Moreover, arginine limitation—

a feature of tumor microenvironments—is sufficient to induce arginine

 codon–switching mutations, in human colon cancer cells. 

Such DNA codon switching events encode mutant proteins with arginine 

residue substitutions. Mechanistically, arginine limitation caused rapid 

reduction of arginine transfer RNAs and the stalling of ribosomes over

 arginine codons. Such selective pressure against arginine codon 

translation induced an adaptive proteomic shift toward low-arginine

 codon– containing genes, including specific amino acid transporters,

 and caused  mutational evolution away from arginine codons—reducing

 translational bottlenecks that occurred during arginine starvation.                                                  Thus, environmental availability of a specific amino acid can influence 

DNA sequence evolution away from its cognate codons and generate 

altered proteins.

What are Codons? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ 

THERE IS HOPE FOR THE FUTURE OF THE HIGH SEAS! Greenpeace.

Nelson,   I’ve campaigned against deep sea mining for years, but I’ve never felt hope like this before.   I’m surrounded by an excited and determined Greenpeace delegation in Kingston, Jamaica, where government officials from around the world are about to discuss the future of the high seas. A debate over a moratorium on deep sea mining is finally on the agendaafter years of campaigning. This is our best chance yet to stop destructive mining before it begins. Now that the concrete protection of the international seabed is on the table, we need you to help sustain the months of relentless campaigning that lie ahead. Greenpeace Canada needs 169 more donations before midnight tomorrow to reach its $31,816 goal.   Please give $25 today to help us push world governments – including Canada’s – to support a moratorium on deep sea mining with bold action. Let’s stop this industry before it starts!   We’re closer than ever to stopping an industry that threatens to destroy some of the earth’s last untouched places. We must take every chance to show up in full force when key decisions are being made.   The movement we’ve built together, alongside Indigenous-led movements in regions that will be impacted the most, is strong and growing.    We’ve mobilized in deep sea mining hotspots, exposed industry lies about the safety of tearing up the seafloor, and made governments and the media pay attention to this new and extreme threat to the oceans.   A staggering number of people – over 2.8 million – have already signed Greenpeace’s petition to stop deep sea mining!   We’ve gained such momentum that 27 countries, including Canada, now support a moratorium, ban, or precautionary pause on deep sea mining, with the European Union and the United Nations sounding the alarm as well. This could be the turning point, but only if supporters like you keep boosting our action.   Please help us stop deep sea mining before it starts with a $25 donation before midnight tomorrow.   We must keep pushing governments to commit to a moratorium and show leadership and action on the world stage.   I know we can win this struggle against the mining of precious, untouched ecosystems. We’ve done it before. In the 1980s, Greenpeace campaigned with our supporters and allies to protect Antarctica and, in 1991, won a ban on commercial mining there. It’s time to do something similar for the deep seas!   Deep sea mining will pollute the water with its waste. It will disturb and destroy the habitats of a multitude of species, with scientists warning the damage could be irreversible. [1] Why risk all that when the oceans are already under threat from plastic pollution, overfishing, and overheating?   With your support, Greenpeace can speak out independently and continue to thwart the deep sea mining industry’s plan until a moratorium is agreed upon. Your gift before midnight tomorrow will help us stop a greedy industry from carving up the ocean floor.   Louisa Global campaign lead on deep sea mining, Greenpeace International SOURCES [1] Predicting the impacts of mining deep sea polymetallic nodules in the Pacific Ocean, May 2020, Mining Watch

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57 COMPANIES ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR 80% OF CARBON EMISSIONS.

57 Companies Are Responsible for 80% of polluting Carbon Emissions That Cause Both Climate Change and Cancer!

Sign Now

Joseph,   A new study just revealed that 80% of climate change-causing emissions come from just 57 companies around the world. Chevron, ExxonMobile, BP, Aramco, Gazprom, and the National Iranian Oil Company are several of the largest contributors to continually skyrocketing greenhouse gasses.   Consumers around the world are made to feel guilty and responsible for climate change, when in reality, a few powerful companies are primarily to blame. In fact, not only have these corporations been poisoning our world with their horrid carbon footprints, but they've also been doing so at a faster and faster rate.  In 2016, world leaders came together to craft the Paris Accord. Signatories were supposed to promise to reduce their countries' carbon emissions. But since that time, countries have let these corporations increase their carbon footprints. Most of these 57 companies surged their production and output of emissions, primarily related to fossil fuels, after the Paris Accord. That's why it's important for us to put public pressure on these corporations and on world governments to shift away from fossil fuels. Public pressure is an astoundingly powerful tool, and often very effective. We need to tell these corporations that we are watching, and that we won't let the status quo continue! Sign the petition to demand that Chevron, ExxonMobile, BP, Aramco, Gazprom, and the National Iranian Oil Company take responsibility for their carbon emissions. Their will not be a profit for any of them in the near future if they do not change now!  They can invest their money and power to plant trees and gardens: to create new Green Cities and alternative energy sources that do not pollute, to create water filtration plants that remove salt from the Ocean and pumps the water to arid regions of the planet, creating Green Oasis. They can join the Green Revolution instead of fighting it!  We must speak out today while we still have a planet to save!

Thank you, Miranda Care2 Petitions Team

P.S. These same 57 companies can help us fight climate change — and fast. Sign the petition.      Sign Now

A LETTER FOR THE CANADA REVENUE AGENCY and associates in Winnipeg.

TO: CANADA.CA/ARC-INFO-SOURCE

 CANADA REVENUE AGENCY.

Your impersonal department just taxed me a total of $8000 Dollars this month of July, 2024. Please allow me to make it personal for you and your entourage. I am a Seventy Six years old Colorectal stage 4 Cancer patient. The money you believe is my revenue derives from Fifty years of hard labor repairing and renting my old house to low income families with children and their pets. I finally had to sell the family property because the burden of municipal, Federal and Provincial taxes, plus the cost of repairs, finally broke me! I placed half  the money from the house sale into government bonds and the other half into your TFSA; and then I waited a year for the bonds to mature.  A year later, after living cash free, I made the naive mistake of placing the money from the bonds into the TFSA. I am positive you understand that people who live in poverty for many years, and are suddenly provided with money, often make economic mistakes costing them dearly. $8000.Dollars, for example. You penalized me $8000. for putting too much of my own money into your so called "Tax Free savings Account"! 

Conclusion. TFSA's are a trap for suckers! Nobody should use them! Now that we’ve become personal, I am sure you won’t mind if I publish this letter on my world wide blog. Thanks for reading

Signed: Joseph N. Raglione

Executive director, The World Friendly Humanitarian Peace and Ecology Movement.

human4us2.blogspot.com

human4usbillions@gmail.com

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Summary of service feedback

Compliment details

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I COMPLIMENT YOU FOR DOING A GOOD JOB TAXING ELDERLY CANCER PATIENTS. I AM ONE OF THOSE PATIENTS. I AM SEVENTY-SIX YEARS OLD WITH COLORECTAL STAGE FOUR CANCER AND THIS MONTH YOU TAXED ME $8000.DOLLARS, ACCORDING TO YOU, MY CLASS A ACCOUNTANT IN QUEBEC, MADE MISTAKES ON MY TAX PAPERS. ANY MONEY I AM FORCED TO SEND YOU IS DERIVED FROM THE SALE OF MY OLD HERITAGE HOUSE AND PROPERTY. I HAVE BEEN SURVIVING ON THE PROCEEDS OF THAT SALE FOR THE LAST FEW YEARS BUT THE CASH IS DWINDLING AND IF I SURVIVE, I WILL BE BACK ON THE STREET AND YOU WILL HAVE ONE LESS HUMAN-BEING TO TAX.

 AGAIN, CONGRATULATIONS! HUMAN4US2.BLOGSPOT.COM HUMAN4USBILLIONS@GMAIL.COM

WHY WE FUNDAMENTALLY NEED SLEEP!

Each week Quanta Magazine explains one of the most important ideas driving modern research. This week, biology staff writer Yasemin Saplakoglu explores the molecular underpinnings of sleep and why we need it to survive.    What We Know About Why We Need Sleep By YASEMIN SAPLAKOGLU  We need sleep. This is a fundamental fact of life. Without it, we turn into grouchy, sluggish zombies. Yet although we do it every day, sleep largely remains a scientific mystery. What happens when we sleep — and what’s the point? We know that a quarter to a third of the human lifespan is spent in slumber. During that time, the brain cycles between two kinds of sleep. In rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, your brain waves are like those you experience while awake. Your brain is active, your eyes are twitching, you dream. During non-REM sleep, however, this activity downshifts: Your body temperature drops, your heart rate slows, your muscles relax and your brain waves slow. Sleep is common across the animal kingdom. In the 20th century, research in mammals found that the amount of sleep animals need is variable: Armadillos sleep for most of the day, while elephants need only a few hours per night. Those early studies defined sleep in a stringent, mammalian sense, but over the past two decades, researchers have begun to redefine sleep in other creatures, such as fruit flies, worms and zebra fish. They too disconnect from the outside world and sleep in their own ways. That redefinition has opened the field to an array of model organisms to help us better understand what is occurring in our bodies at a molecular level during sleep. “We know now that genetically sleep is very conserved, and even at the neural level, from the simplest models all the way up to humans,” Alex Keene, a neurogeneticist at Texas A&M University, told podcast host Steve Strogatz on The Joy of Why in 2022. Still, many mysteries surround why we sleep. As scientists dig deeper into the molecular mechanisms of the process, it’s become clear that sleep is critical for maintaining a healthy brain and body. It is the time when the brain takes the information we learned while awake and stores it away as long-term memories. Sleep clears out cellular debris accumulated during conscious work. It maintains a healthy metabolism. And not getting enough z’s can lead to a suite of issues from diabetes to heart disease. Put simply: Without sleep, we die. The “why” can be difficult in science. Why do we need sleep to survive? Why do some people need only five hours of sleep while others need eight? Why do we cycle through these two very different phases? Why are so few workers offered siesta time at work? Scientists have only started to unpack some of these questions, but their findings are leading to fascinating new ideas about what happens behind closed eyes.  What’s New and Noteworthy For more than a century, sleep research focused on the brain. But even simple animals such as hydras that don’t have brains at all enter a sleeplike state. This means that sleep may have evolved before brains, and its biological role billions of years ago may have been very different from its current one. One hypothesis is that sleep evolved to play a role in metabolism, as Veronique Greenwood reported for Quanta, by allowing certain biochemical reactions to occur that can’t happen during waking hours. “Before we had a brain, we had a gut,” said Michael Abrams, a fellow at the University of California, Berkeley. Whatever the first sleeping organism was, it probably disappeared more than a billion years ago — and with it, its secrets. Sleep isn’t merely nice to have — we’d be doomed without it. Scientists have known this since the 1890s but haven’t been able to figure out why. One explanation is a buildup of toxic molecules in the gut, as Quanta has reported. In the guts of sleep-deprived flies, researchers found an excess of “reactive oxygen species,” which damage essential molecules such as DNA and proteins by stealing their electrons. If the flies went without sleep long enough, they were through — but was this toxic pileup causing their deaths? To find out, the researchers gave the flies antioxidants to clear out these chemicals. The critters, though still sleepless, survived. “It was shocking; it was absolutely shocking,” said Dragana Rogulja, an assistant professor of neurobiology at Harvard Medical School, on the Joy of Why podcast. It wasn’t a one-off: Their team and others have found similar results in rodents. We know that sleep helps the brain form memories, but scientists are still trying to unpack how. In 2019, Quanta’s Jordana Cepelewicz reported that powerful bursts of brain activity, known as sharp wave ripples, are involved in consolidating memories. Recently, I reported that these ripples are also involved in tagging certain experiences while we are awake to be stored as long-term memories while we sleep. An experience registers in the brain in a specific pattern of activity, tapping out a sequence of neurons like “a melody on the piano,” Daniel Bendor, a neuroscientist at University College London, told me. When we’re awake and resting, the brain replays the pattern to tag it for storage. Then, during sleep, the pattern replays again, hundreds or thousands of times. Some scientists hypothesize that the pattern propagates out toward the cortex and is cemented as a long-term memory. AROUND THE WEB Scientific American has investigated why some people report that they haven’t slept all night, even though brain scans show that they have — a phenomenon sometimes called subjective insomnia. Nature Neuroscience published a paper this year suggesting that the function of sleep is to restore an optimal computational state in the brain. The New York Times recently covered the link between sleep deprivation and memory. (Spoiler alert: It’s not good.)

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