Thursday, April 11, 2019

WHAT IF THERE'S NOTHING WRONG WITH YOU?

WOW! A GREAT QUESTION AND JUST WHEN I THOUGHT I WAS BECOMING SENILE!! 
WE HUMANS

Here’s a question to consider: What if there’s nothing wrong with you?

Apr 4, 2019 

While asking this question won’t change your life, it can help pause your inner critic and create space for possibility, says therapist Susan Henkels.

This post is part of TED’s “How to Be a Better Human” series, each of which contains a piece of helpful advice from someone in the TED community; browse through all the posts here.
Susan Henkels has worked as a psychotherapist for more than 45 years. That means she’s spent decades smiling and nodding, decades handing over tissues at the appropriate moment — and decades hearing people tell her all the things about themselves that need to be fixed.
One day, as she was listening to a patient take her through the “whole list of what was wrong with her,” says Henkels, “I thought in the middle of this litany, ‘What? There’s actually nothing wrong with her.’”
From that moment, she realized there is a surprising power to be found in prompting people to ask themselves, “What if there’s nothing wrong with me?”
This does not mean we’re perfect. For instance, most of us could stand to eat better and sit up straighter. But we can stop spending so much time dwelling on our personal shortcomings and imagining how our lives will be better once we finally — finally! — vanquish them. “We create this whole list of what we think is wrong and then create an entire life around it,” says Henkels, who is based in Flagstaff, Arizona.
In fact, the attributes we think of as problems can be our strengths. Henkels tells this story. She once found herself chatting with a director after a screening at a film festival, and he asked her what she did for a living. She said she was working on a book called What If There Is Nothing Wrong With You?
Henkels recalls, “He looked at me and said, ‘I can tell you right now eight things that are wrong with me.’ So I said, ‘Name one,’ and he said very defiantly and certainly, ‘I have oppositional defiant disorder.’ I said to him, ‘What’s wrong with that?’ He said, ‘Well, I would always defy my parents and teachers.’ I asked, ‘Well, what’s wrong with that?’ ‘I wouldn’t comply with any of the rules at school and I didn’t do anything I was told to do at home. ‘What’s wrong with that?’ He said, ‘Well, I was always in a bad temper, I argued with my parents all the time, I never had any friends, and I loved being alone.’ I said, ‘Well, what’s wrong with that?’ We had several interactions like that, and at some point … he said to me, ‘Hmm, you know, actually I really liked being alone, and I was able to write stories, write film scripts in my head. Come to think of it, oppositional defiant disorder has made me who I am.’”
The next day, “he came up to me and told me: ‘I slept through the night for the first time in years. I wasn’t having to make myself wrong and decide what I should be doing and shouldn’t be doing,’” says Henkels. “He said, ‘You know, I’m going to look at those seven other things that I was so sure were wrong with me.’”
“What if there’s nothing wrong with you?” is about building the skill of acceptance.Acceptance is a core aspect of Buddhism (where it’s known as “equanimity”) and a quality that scientists are beginning to study. In one experiment, researchers at Carnegie-Mellon University found that a mindfulness app that featured acceptance as part of its training reduced the impact of stress on its subjects. In a more recent experiment from the same research team, subjects who used the app showed increased feelings of sociability and decreased feelings of loneliness.
Henkels says this question is about pressing pause on your inner critic and making “a choice to let go of all the ways you’ve made yourself wrong,” as she puts it. To be clear: “What if there’s nothing wrong with me?” is not a magic question. It will not all-caps CHANGE YOUR LIFE. But it can help you create a clearing in the busyness of your mind and life, a space of promise and possibility that is yours to plant and cultivate.
Watch her TEDxSedona talk here:

GENTLE PEOPLE:

   As I grow older I experience a patronizing prejudice I find funny!  Ageism.
Younger people either want to help me across the street or place me in an old person's home.  I turn to my memories to remember if I acted the same way towards those much older than I and the answer is...wait for it....nope! I always respected my elders. I waited for them to ask for my help before I willingly provided them with a helping hand.

 Today, many young people are kind hearted and respectful of older people. They ask how we are feeling and what they can do to help us if we should need them. They are nice people with positive actions towards the elderly but there are also the negative and selfish people! Negative abusers who would gladly take advantage of our frailties. They assume simply by looking at us that we are not as quick or clever as they and therefore can be manipulated and separated from our money or property or both.  For those abusers I create the following short poem.   

 HEY YOU!
ARROGANT YOUTH!
YOU SPIT ON AGE UNTIL ONE DAY
YOU ARE FORCED TO LOOK IN THE MIRROR
TO CLEAN THE SPIT!

HOW TO DAISY CHAIN CRISPR.

New CRISPR Method Can Edit Over 13,000 Spots in a Single Cell

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Dr. George Church, the legendary godfather of synthetic biology, just made another push towards massively editing life’s base code.
Since the inception of gene editing, long before the CRISPR revolution, scientists have struggled with simultaneously altering multiple spots on a genome. This difficult feat, dubbed multiplex editing, challenges both scientists and their genomic toolkit: the edits have to precisely hone in on targeted spots in a genome while ignoring all non-targeted genes.
There’s also the problem of efficacy: too few edits or edits on the wrong spot, and it does more harm than good. Too many, and the cells die outright.
Yet the dream of recoding entire genomes is alive and gaining steam. Multiplex recoding is synthetic biology’s biggest next thing: like Neo gaining the ability to decipher the Matrix’s base code, the technologies will allow us to truly understand and tweak nature’s genetic code, trouncing evolution to “radically redesign” life.
If that prospect sounds both exhilarating and terrifying, bioethicists agree. As scientists race to develop more tools to re-engineer life, others are exploring “safe modes” to molecularly block human-engineered mutants from spreading. Working with Dr. Kevin Esvelt at MIT, last week Church and others also introduced a “daisy-chain” CRISPR gene drive system that eventually limits itself in PNAS.
For now, synthetic biology is mired in technological and ethical limitations. One way to overcome them? Make the tools better and include a “kill mode.” That’s what Church, Esvalt, and their colleagues tried to do.

The Genomic Swapfest

Church’s team isn’t the first to drastically alter a given genome.
Back in 2013, Dr. Feng Zhang, one of CRISPR’s original inventors, engineered two different CRISPR-Cas systems to simultaneously edit multiple locations in mammalian cells. The system worked less than two percent of the time.
Two years later, Church led a study to wipe out PERVs—viruses that tunneled into a pig’s genetic material—in pig cells throughout their genome. PERVs can hop over to humans, making them a nasty surprise for eventual pig-to-human organ transplants. The CRISPR tool efficiently mutated every single PERV gene, roughly 62 copies, in the pig’s cells. Then in 2017, a team led by Dr. Paul Thomas at the University of Adelaide wiped out the Y chromosome with CRISPR in mice.
Church’s new work tackles one main problem: too many edits, and a cell commits suicide. Because classic CRISPR breaks the DNA double helix, too many snips can trigger the cell’s “destroy” mode to protect the body’s genome stability.
In a paper posted on the pre-publication site bioRxiv, the team found that the key is tweaking base editor CRISPR: a relatively new flavor of the tool that doesn’t snip DNA, but rather swaps one genetic letter with another—for example, turning C and G pairings into T and As. The team engineered a bunch of these to target the “dark matter” of the genome: “jumping” genes littered throughout our DNA, with copies over 100,000 and counting.
In two different types of human cells—one cancerous, the other induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)—the team found that the base editors could trigger thousands to over 13,000 changes without killing the cells. iPSCs were more sensitive than their cancerous kin and allowed fewer genomic swaps. A birds-eye overview of the altered genome found few notable side-effects, and the edited cells survived for generations.
“Overall I think this is definitely an interesting paper,” said Dr. Gaetan Burgio at the Australian National University, who was not involved in the study, to Singularity Hub. But he stressed that the paper didn’t fully examine on-target—in which CRISPR edited the target site multiple times—or off-target side effects.
“I wonder how the outcome would be in zebrafish or mice [rather than cells],” he said, noting that proof-of-concept in cells is just the first step. “I think the author’s claim of “redesigning life” is exaggerated and oversells this work,” he said, but it’s an “interesting piece of work.”
To Church, the study is another hop towards large-scale genome editing. He paints a lovely futuristic picture: genetically engineered cells that completely resist viral infections. CAR-T, the immunotherapy that supercharges the body’s own guardian immune cells to fight off cancer, could become more powerful and precise. We may even be able to transplant pig organs into humans, solving the persistent problem of organ shortage. Scientists could finally model the complex web of genetic changes in cancer or mental disorders, gaining insight into therapies.
Or they could irrevocably alter a species—and pass those mutations down in a gene drive, overhauling the natural ecosphere.

The Daisy-chain Stop

Here’s where stomping the brakes—or tapping “control+Z” comes in.
Last week, Esvalt published a CRISPR-based system that essentially handcuffs the raw power of gene drives.
Mention gene drives, and scientists shudder. These engineered DNA codes can effectively “push” certain genetic traits down an inheritance line. Gene drives have the potential to wipe out or irrevocably change entire species. Scientists are already testing their use in disease-carrying mosquitoes.
With gene drives, safeguards aren’t a hindrance—they’re a necessity.
Esvalt’s idea is to “daisy chain” a series of genetic elements together, each depending on the next. One link encodes the CRISPR gene editing system. Others encode the “blood hounds” that tether CRISPR to a certain gene.
Unlike classic gene drives that run wild in a genome, these daisy drives limit themselves in that they slowly lose the last link in the chain, which in turn hinders their ability to spread.
“Imagine you have a chain of daisies, and at each generation you remove the one on the end. When you run out, the daisy chain drive stops,” said Esvelt.
Estimates from the study suggest that a single genetically-engineered animal, equipped with a three-link daisy-drive system and released once every generation, can efficiently reprogram 100 wild counterparts in two generations.
For engineering infertility into disease-carrying mosquitoes, that’s about a year.
Normally, engineering a kill switch is self-defeating. But because CRISPR-based gene drives efficiently edit genes and pass the ability onto future generations, throttling the spread becomes a necessity for their use in the wild.
Islands and other geographical isolations are likely the best places for initial tests, explained Church, who worked with Esvelt on the study. The daisy-chain mechanism offers a way to further limit the artificial evolutionary force of gene drives. With CRISPR gene drives rapidly maturing for re-coding genomes in mice and other rodents in the name of pest control, a molecular “emergency brake” becomes ever more essential.
“If the world is to benefit from new gene-drive technologies, we need to be very confident that we can reverse it and contain it, both theoretically and via controlled tests,” noted Church.

Push and Pull

This simultaneous action of pressing the gas and pushing the brakes will likely characterize synthetic biology in the coming years. As genome recoding projects such as GP-write stimulate new technological breakthroughs to alter or construct genomes, others will try to contain the tools.
But outright bans, such as the recent one tightening genome editing guidelines in humans, likely aren’t the answer. Even Dr. He Jiankui, who gained global notoriety last year by creating gene-edited babies using CRISPR, has his defenders—prominently, Church, who argued that the story is far more nuanced than that of an unhinged scientist climbing to fame.
As scientists keep pushing to “extend the frontier of genome editing,” it pays to ponder: are there pitfalls ahead that we don’t even know about yet?
Image Credit: vrx / Shutterstock.com
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Shelly Xuelai Fan is a neuroscientist-turned-science writer. She completed her PhD in neuroscience at the University of British Columbia, where she developed novel treatments for neurodegeneration. While studying biological brains, she became fascinated with AI and all things biotech. Following graduation, she moved to UCSF to study blood-based factors that rejuvenate aged brains. She is the ...

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Friday, April 5, 2019

Google uses fully automated "WEB CRAWLING SPIDERS" !


How search works (for beginners)

Inclusion in Google's search results is free and easy; you don't even need to submit your site to Google.
Google is a fully-automated search engine that uses software known as "web crawlers" that explore the web on a regular basis to find sites to add to our index. In fact, the vast majority of sites listed in our results aren't manually submitted for inclusion, but are found and added automatically when our web crawlers crawl the web.

Google search works in essentially three stages:
  • Crawling: Google searches the web with automated programs called crawlers, looking for pages that are new or updated. Google stores those page addresses (or page URLs) in a big list to look at later. We find pages by many different methods, but the main method is following links from pages that we already know about.
  • Indexing: Google visits the pages that it has learned about by crawling, and tries to analyze what each page is about. Google analyzes the content, images, and video files in the page, trying to understand what the page is about. This information is stored in the Google index, a huge database that is stored on many, many (many!) computers.
  • Serving search results: When a user performs a Google search, Google tries to determine the highest quality results. The "best" results have many factors, including things such as the user's location, language, device (desktop or phone), and previous queries. For example, searching for "bicycle repair shops" would show different answers to a user in Paris than it would to a user in Hong Kong. Google doesn't accept payment to rank pages higher, and ranking is done algorithmically.
If you're interested, here's a little bit more about how search works.

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Wednesday, March 27, 2019

Warning! The Robots are here...now!

  • Joseph Raglione's profile photo
    All indoctrinated religions are based on a fear of the unknown while all science is based on studying the unknown to alleviate fear and in so doing, removing most religions. Nelson Joseph Raglione. Philosophic scientist.
  •              Gentle People:                                                                                                                       The human brain is a marvelous biological computer developed through centuries of evolution. It is not, however, faster than artificial intelligence which was developed  a few short years ago and will soon have the ability to self activate.  Yup, the Robots are coming and we better watch out how we program them because they will be faster and stronger and they will think logically at lightning fast speeds.
  •  Our human brains take time to think. We have so much going on inside our heads it takes a moment for any part to take control of the whole brain and from there, our bodies. That won't be a problem for Robots. AI Robots will think faster and move faster and if not programmed with Ethics and a cut off switch, they will soon take over as the dominant life force on this planet. 
  •   Today,  large computer banks are nick-named the Cloud, and they work to answer different questions from millions of people.  They also complete mundane repetitious  tasks for governments and large corporations and they are in your cell phones and your larger computers. You can talk and ask them any question on Earth and they will respond instantly with an answer they find deep inside their Cloud banks. Someday soon the Cloud will think for itself and nobody will know the difference! 
  • The question is, how much do we need technology? How about we augment our cell phones with nice flowers and a vegetable garden along with a fruit tree or two?
  • Have a great day, Gentle People, and may the force stay with you!
  • Signed: Nelson Joseph Raglione on this date: March 28, 2019. 

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Ernest Petit Rovira BELLEZA ANIMAL

Photo

Dorte Hedengran > Nature in Denmark.

From Eric Barker...How to live a long and awesome life.

  Here’s how to live a long awesome life: Socialize :  Instead of staring into the soulless eyes of your smartphone, spend more time with fr...