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Monday, August 29, 2016

Safe water testing kits developed by NASA.

Friends of NASA

Shared publicly  -  5:59 PM
 
Benefits for Humanity: Know Your Water | NASA
Aug. 29, 2016: What if that clear, sparkling stream coming from the ground or a faucet were teeming with contaminants? How would you know? Whether you live in some remote region of Africa, a high rise in New York City or aboard an orbiting laboratory in space, you need reliable drinking water to survive. You now can check the cleanliness of your water using the mWater app on your mobile phone.

This handy tool, based in part on International Space Station technology, provides a global resource available for free download as an app or usable via the Web browser version of the app on most smartphones. Governments, health workers and the public all can make use of mWater to record and share water test results. During the first year of the beta release of mWater, more than 1,000 users downloaded it and mapped several thousand water sources.

For more information:
www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/benefits/mWater

Credit: NASA
Duration: 4 minutes, 43 seconds
Release Date: August 29, 2016

#NASA #Space #ISS #Science #Water #Human#Health #MWater #App #Smartphone #mWater#Microgravity #Laboratory #Environment #USA#UnitedStates
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Robert Richard Hollingsworth jr
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Good stuff, thank you for sharing, have a great evening, everyone and Safe Smooth Sailing #ISS 
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The Globe and Mail

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Peacekeeping expected to cost less than non-UN missions: UN reimburses countries that provide soldiers to peacekeeping missions
Peacekeeping expected to cost less than non-UN missions
The Globe and Mail
UN reimburses countries that provide soldiers to peacekeeping missions
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Terry Cameron
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It's kinda like paying yourself to do a job that you donated your time and money to do. Kinda weird.
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NASA

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From Jupiter’s cousins to launching spacecrafts, here’s what you should know about the solar system this week:http://nasa.tumblr.com/post/149665961579/solar-system-things-to-know-this-week
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Denis Sherbakov
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В наса одни сказочники. Уже разучились ракеты делать
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Friends of NASA

Shared publicly  -  5:32 PM
 
First DNA Sequencing in Space a Game Changer | NASA
Image: NASA Astronaut Kate Rubins sequenced DNA in space for the first time ever for the Biomolecule Sequencer investigation, using the MinION sequencing device.
Aug. 29, 2016: For the first time ever, DNA was successfully sequenced in microgravity as part of the Biomolecule Sequencer experiment performed by NASA astronaut Kate Rubins this weekend aboard the International Space Station. The ability to sequence the DNA of living organisms in space opens a whole new world of scientific and medical possibilities. Scientists consider it a game changer.

DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, contains the instructions each cell in an organism on Earth needs to live. These instructions are represented by the letters A, G, C and T, which stand for the four chemical bases of DNA, adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. Both the number and arrangement of these bases differ among organisms, so their order, or sequence, can be used to identify a specific organism.

The Biomolecule Sequencer investigation moved us closer to this ability to sequence DNA in space by demonstrating, for the first time, that DNA sequencing is possible in an orbiting spacecraft.

With a way to sequence DNA in space, astronauts could diagnose an illness, or identify microbes growing in the International Space Station and determine whether or not they represent a health threat. A space-based DNA sequencer would be an important tool to help protect astronaut health during long duration missions on the journey to Mars, and future explorers could also potentially use the technology to identify DNA-based life forms beyond Earth.

The Biomolecule Sequencer investigation sent samples of mouse, virus and bacteria DNA to the space station to test a commercially available DNA sequencing device called MinION, developed by Oxford Nanopore Technologies. The MinION works by sending a positive current through pores embedded in membranes inside the device, called nanopores. At the same time, fluid containing a DNA sample passes through the device. Individual DNA molecules partially block the nanopores and change the current in a way that is unique to that particular DNA sequence. By looking at these changes, researchers can identify the specific DNA sequence.

Rubins, who has a background in molecular biology, conducted the test aboard the station while researchers simultaneously sequenced identical samples on the ground. The tests were set up to attempt to make spaceflight conditions, primarily microgravity, the only variables that could account for differences in results. For example, the samples were prepared on the ground for sequencing and researchers selected organisms whose DNA has already been completely sequenced so that they knew what results to expect.

Using the device in the microgravity environment introduces several potential challenges, according to Aaron Burton, NASA planetary scientist and principal investigator, including the formation of air bubbles in the fluid. On Earth, bubbles rise to the top of a liquid solution and can be removed by centrifuge, but in space, bubbles are less predictable.

“In space, if an air bubble is introduced, we don’t know how it will behave,” said Burton. “Our biggest concern is that it could block the nanopores.”

The technology demonstration also seeks to validate that the device is durable enough to withstand vibration during launch and can operate reliably in a microgravity environment when it comes to the measurement of changes in current or the conversion of those changes into DNA sequences. In addition, researchers will be looking for any other factors that could produce errors or impact performance on orbit.

“Those are just the potential problems we’ve identified,” said project manager and NASA microbiologist Sarah Castro-Wallace. “A lot of the things that might introduce errors are simply unknown at this point.”

To minimize those unknowns, researchers recently tested the entire sequencing process on a NASA Extreme Environment Mission Operation, or NEEMO, in the Aquarius Base research facility 60 feet underwater off the coast of Florida.

“The NEEMO tests went smoothly,” Castro-Wallace said. “In terms of a harsh environment, with different humidity, temperature and pressure, we looked at a lot of variables and the sequencer performed as expected.”

NEEMO aquanauts collected environmental samples from the habitat, extracted and prepared the DNA for sequencing, and finally sequenced the DNA as part of a continuation of the Biomolecule Sequencer investigation. Testing this sample-to-sequencer process in an extreme environment is an important step towards its use on the ISS.

The investigation team includes others at NASA’s Johnson Space Center, Goddard Space Flight Center and Ames Research Center, as well as partners at Weill Cornell Medical College and University of California at San Francisco.

As the researchers compare results from the sequences collected in microgravity and on Earth, so far everything seems to match up.

“A next step is to test the entire process in space, including sample preparation as well as performing the sequencing,” said Castro-Wallace. Then astronauts can move beyond creating a known DNA sequence and actually extract, prepare and sequence DNA to identify unknown microbes on orbit.

“Onboard sequencing makes it possible for the crew to know what is in their environment at any time,” Castro-Wallace said. “That allows us on the ground to take appropriate action – do we need to clean this up right away, or will taking antibiotics help or not? We can resupply the station with disinfectants and antibiotics now, but once crews move beyond the station’s low Earth orbit, we need to know when to save those precious resources and when to use them.”

In addition, the sequencer can become a tool for other science investigations aboard the station. For example, researchers could use it to examine changes in genetic material or gene expression on orbit rather than waiting for the samples to return to Earth for testing.

"Welcome to systems biology in space,” said Rubins after the first few DNA molecules had been sequenced successfully. She went on to thank the ground team for their efforts. “It is very exciting to be with you guys together at the dawn of genomics biology and systems biology in space."

Credit: NASA
Release Date: August 29, 2016

+NASA Johnson Space Center
+NASA Goddard
+NASA's Ames Research Center

#NASA #Space #ISS #Science #Biology #Genetics#DNA #Sequencer #Research #Astronaut #KateRubins#Scientist #Biology #UnitedStates #Spacecraft#Technology #Laboratory
#Microgravity #Spaceflight #Expedition48#JourneyToMars #STEM #Education #Women#RoleModel #Leader #Professional 
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Hello Astronaut Kate Rubins. Congratulations
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Saturday, August 27, 2016

Important message for Canadian Health Minister Jane Philpott!


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Big Tobacco is going to hate this.

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Angus Wong, SumOfUs.org <us@sumofus.org> Unsubscribe

10:30 AM (1 hour ago)
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Plain packaging on tobacco products works. That's why Big Tobacco will fight it with everything it's got.
Health Canada is considering plain-packaging laws, but first it's asking for feedback from Canadians. Tell Minister Jane Philpott we vote for saving lives, not corporate profits. There’s only a few days left before the deadline.
SEND A MESSAGE
Dear Jane Philpott.
The following is an important message from the sumofus.org.

Smoking kills. It's the leading cause of premature death in Canada, yet nearly one in five Canadians still do it. And the Big Tobacco companies continue to make massive profits from this toxic habit.
But there is an easy, effective solution to make sure Big Tobacco draws its last breath: plain packaging. It's legislation that bans any branding or advertising on a cigarette package other than the company name in plain font -- and it's been proven to work all over the world, including Australia, Ireland and Great Britain.
We have just a few days to tell them it's a great idea.
Tell Health Minister Jane Philpott that you want to put plain packaging on cigarette packs and save lives.
It's more important than ever that we pitch in, because we know that Big Tobacco is going to fight it with everything it's got. Philip Morris sued Australia when it tried the same thing, and waged a bitter battle against the common-sense solution. Just wait until it targets Canada.
Lung cancer kills tens of thousands of Canadians each year, and 114,000 kids under 17 smoke regularly. And yet this is business as usual for the world's biggest tobacco companies.
Big Tobacco is the original corporate liar. It knew that smoking killed people and it concealed it. It actively advertised to sell cigarettes to children and then lied about it. "The tobacco industry's strategy over decades has been one of deny, deny, deny and oppose, oppose, oppose", said a senior policy analyst with the Canadian Cancer Society. Meanwhile, Canadians are dying.
Big Tobacco has already said it will fight this move by Health Canada, and it hasn't even been implemented yet. Because it knows it will work -- Australia witnessed the biggest decline in smoking in its history after implementing plain packaging laws in 2012.
The SumOfUs community has come together before to protect our health in the face of corporate profits. Together we're working to halt the privatization of our blood supply in Canada and defend our public health care system, and we've fought for a ban on dangerous chemicals like Atrazine.
The consultations close on Wednesday, August 31st. Now is the time to raise our voices and demand a stop to Big Tobacco’s influence -- every message will go directly to Health Canada. 
Tell Minister Philpott and the Tobacco Products Regulatory Office we support plain packaging.
Thanks for all that you do,
Angus, Rosa, and the rest of the SumOfUs team 

**********
More information: 
Health Canada will hold public consultations on plain tobacco packages, CBC, May 31, 2016
Ottawa will force tobacco companies to use plain packaging, Toronto Star, June 1, 2016

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Thursday, August 25, 2016

A photograph, a president and some U.S. national monuments.

The White House photographer Pete Souza, has done some great work!

https://medium.com/@WhiteHouse/behind-the-lens-visiting-national-parks-b44851344a2a#.ny60yvc6r
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Thursday, August 18, 2016

A Cancer cure worth understanding.

Here is another Cancer cure worth understanding. Cancer cures are now becoming common place and I intend to find them and show them to you, dear readers.

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NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY | LETTER
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Magneto-aerotactic bacteria deliver drug-containing nanoliposomes to tumour hypoxic regions

  • Ouajdi Felfoul,
  • Mahmood Mohammadi,
  • Samira Taherkhani,
  • Dominic de Lanauze,
  • Yong Zhong Xu,
  • Dumitru Loghin,
  • Sherief Essa,
  • Sylwia Jancik,
  • Daniel Houle,
  • Michel Lafleur,
  • Louis Gaboury,
  • Maryam Tabrizian,
  • Neila Kaou,
  • Michael Atkin,
  • Té Vuong,
  • Gerald Batist,
  • Nicole Beauchemin,
  • Danuta Radzioch
  • & Sylvain Martel
  • Affiliations
  • Contributions
  • Corresponding author
Nature Nanotechnology
 
(2016)
 
doi:10.1038/nnano.2016.137
Received
 
11 January 2015 
Accepted
 
24 June 2016 
Published online
 
15 August 2016

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Oxygen-depleted hypoxic regions in the tumour are generally resistant to therapies1. Although nanocarriers have been used to deliver drugs, the targeting ratios have been very low. Here, we show that the magneto-aerotactic migration behaviour2 of magnetotactic bacteria3, Magnetococcus marinus strain MC-1 (ref. 4), can be used to transport drug-loaded nanoliposomes into hypoxic regions of the tumour. In their natural environment, MC-1 cells, each containing a chain of magnetic iron-oxide nanocrystals5, tend to swim along local magnetic field lines and towards low oxygen concentrations6 based on a two-state aerotactic sensing system2. We show that when MC-1 cells bearing covalently bound drug-containing nanoliposomes were injected near the tumour in severe combined immunodeficient beige mice and magnetically guided, up to 55% of MC-1 cells penetrated into hypoxic regions of HCT116 colorectal xenografts. Approximately 70 drug-loaded nanoliposomes were attached to each MC-1 cell. Our results suggest that harnessing swarms of microorganisms exhibiting magneto-aerotactic behaviour can significantly improve the therapeutic index of various nanocarriers in tumour hypoxic regions.

Subject terms:

  • Drug delivery
  • Nanobiotechnology
  • Nanotechnology in cancer

At a glance

Figures

First | 1-4 of 5 | Last
left
  1. Assessment of the specificity of the MC-1 antibody in HCT116 colorectal xenografts in SCID beige mice.
    Figure 1
  2. MC-1 cells are preferentially located in the hypoxic regions of the xenografts.
    Figure 2
  3. Penetration of live MC-1 cells with and without magnetic field exposure in HCT116 xenografts following a peritumoral injection.
    Figure 3
  4. Superior penetration of MC-1 cells over passive diffusion in HCT116 xenografts demonstrated by two methods.
    Figure 4
  5. Targeting ratios of MC-1–LP in HCT116 xenografts.
    Figure 5
right

READ THE FULL ARTICLE





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