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KNOWLEDGE with effort, perseverance and sharing..
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LIFE ON EARTH.
A science-based international free press humanitarian organization...
created in 1972.. human4us2.blogspot.com...
CO2.Earth is now live. I am proud that it is one of the very first websites on the internet with a .earth domain. The first .earth site to launch—democracy.earth—happened last week. This week, CO2.Earth is the site that's rolling out, just before .earth domains open for public registration on December 19, 2015.
Also, just in time for the international climate summit in Paris, CO2.Earth takes over global redistribution of CO2 data from CO2Now.org.
CO2.Earth is here to track the atmospheric CO2 trend along with you. Any time you want an update for earth's planetary vital signs, CO2.Earth points to the latest numbers.
Michael McGee
Producer, CO2.Earth
Vancouver Island, Canada
P.S. Please note that some articles and the set up of CO2 web widgets are still being completed.
Rankings: October 1880 - October 2017 Comparisons with 20th Century Global Average Surface Temperature (Temperatures are not compared with a pre-industrial baseline)
Rank
Year
Change in Temperature*
Warmest October
2015
+1.0°C +1.8°F
4th Warmest October
2017, 2003 (tie)
+0.73°C +1.31°F
Coolest October
1908, 1912 (tie)
-0.52°C -0.94°F
Data retrieved: December 5, 2017
*Surface temperature changes relative to 20th Century global average (1901 - 2000) Source data NOAA-NCEI State of the Climate: Global Analysis [Web + data download]
The combined average temperature over global land and ocean surfaces for October 2017 was 0.73°C (1.31°F) above the 20th century average of 14.0°C (57.1°F). This value tied with 2003 as the fourth highest October temperature on record since global records began in 1880, behind 2015 (+1.0°C / +1.8°F), 2014 (+0.79°C / +1.42°F), and 2016 (+0.74°C / +1.33°F). The 10 warmest Octobers on record have all occurred during the 21st century, specifically since 2003. October 2017 also marks the 41st consecutive October and the 394th consecutive month with temperatures at least nominally above the 20th century average. [NOAA global analysis accessed December 5, 2017].
"The science is sobering—the global temperature in 2012 was among the hottest since records began in 1880. Make no mistake: without concerted action, the very future of our planet is in peril."
~ Christine Lagarde, Managing Director
International Monetary Fund
[video][text]
NOAA's global analysis: "2016 became the warmest year in NOAA's 137-year series. Remarkably, this is the third consecutive year a new global annual temperature record has been set. The average global temperature across land and ocean surface areas for 2016 was 0.94°C (1.69°F) above the 20th century average of 13.9°C (57.0°F), surpassing the previous record warmth of 2015 by 0.04°C (0.07°F). The global temperatures in 2016 were majorly influenced by strong El NiƱo conditions that prevailed at the beginning of the year.
This marks the fifth time in the 21st century a new record high annual temperature has been set (along with 2005, 2010, 2014, and 2015) and also marks the 40th consecutive year (since 1977) that the annual temperature has been above the 20th century average. To date, all 16 years of the 21st century rank among the seventeen warmest on record (1998 is currently the eighth warmest.) The five warmest years have all occurred since 2010.
Overall, the global annual temperature has increased at an average rate of 0.07°C (0.13°F) per decade since 1880 and at an average rate of 0.17°C (0.31°F) per decade since 1970." [NOAA global analysis for 2016accessed March 6, 2017].
"Globally-averaged temperatures in 2015 shattered the previous mark set in 2014 by 0.23 degrees Fahrenheit (0.13 Celsius). Only once before, in 1998, has the new record been greater than the old record by this much."
Before the end of 2015, scientists projected that average global temperature increase for 2015 will exceed 1°C above pre-industrial levels. The years 1850-1990 are used as the pre-industrial baseline by the MET Office and Climate Research Unit at the University of East Anglia in the UK. The MET Office released this statement in November 2015:
"This year marks an important first but that doesn't necessarily mean every year from now on will be a degree or more above pre-industrial levels, as natural variability will still play a role in determining the temperature in any given year. As the world continues to warm in the coming decades, however, we will see more and more years passing the 1 degree marker - eventually it will become the norm."
~ Peter Stott
Head of Climate Monitoring and Attribution (MET Office)
We have a pre-built image for Amazon Web Services's EC2 environment:
AMI ID: ami-97591381
AMI Name: h2o-deepwater-ami-latest
AWS Region: US East (N. Virginia)
Recommended instance type: p2.xlarge
The AMI image contains the Docker Image described below. Once started, login to the shell prompt. It's a good idea to update the docker image with docker pull opsh2oai/h2o-deepwater to ensure that you have the most recent version. Then start the docker image, either with the provided shell script or with nvidia-docker run -it --net host opsh2oai/h2o-deepwater.
Start H2O with java -Xmx30g -jar /opt/h2o.jar &. Connect to port 54321.
Start Jupyter with jupyter notebook --allow-root --ip=* &. Connect to the link shown, with your IP exchanged for localhost.
Pre-Release Docker Image
We have a GPU-enabled Docker image and one the CPU only. Both are available on Docker Hub.
Docker >= 1.9 (official docker-engine, docker-ce or docker-ee only)
NVIDIA GPU with Architecture > Fermi (2.1) and Compute Capability >= 3.5
NVIDIA drivers >= 340.29 with binary nvidia-modprobe
Download and run the H2O Docker image
nvidia-docker run -it --rm --net host -v $PWD:/host opsh2oai/h2o-deepwater
You now get a prompt in the image: # . The directory you started from is avaiable as /host
Start H2O with java -jar /opt/h2o.jar
Python, R and Jupyter Notebooks are available
exit or ctrl-d closes the image
CPU-only Docker Image
To use the CPU-enabled Docker image you just need to have Docker installed. Note that this image is significantly slower than the GPU image, which is why we don't recommend it.
Download and run the H2O Docker image:
On Linux: docker run -it --rm --net host -v $PWD:/host opsh2oai/h2o-deepwater-cpu
On MacOS: docker run -it --rm -p 54321:54321 -p 8080:8080 -v $PWD:/host opsh2oai/h2o-deepwater-cpu
You now get a prompt in the image: # . The directory you started from is avaiable as /host
From the top-level of the deepwater repository, do
./gradlew build -x test
This will create the following file: build/libs/deepwater-all.jar
5. Add DeepWater support to H2O-3
You need to check out the h2o-3. Copy the freshly created jar file build/libs/deepwater-all.jar from the previous step to H2O-3's library h2o-3/lib/deepwater-all.jar (create the directory if it's not there) and you're done!
Build H2O-3 as usual:
./gradlew build -x test
This H2O version will now have GPU Deep Learning support!
To use the GPU, please make sure to set your path to your CUDA installation:
If you want to build your own MXNet models from Python or R, install the MXNet wheel (which was built together with MXNet above):
sudo easy_install deepwater/thirdparty/mxnet/python/dist/mxnet-0.7.0-py2.7.egg
R CMD INSTALL deepwater/thirdparty/mxnet/mxnet_0.7.tar.gz
Releasing
The release process bundles all defined submodules and push them into Maven central via Sonatype repository provider. The released artifacts are Java 6 compatible.
Performing the actions "Close" and "Release" for the ai.h2o staging area
Note: Be careful because the area can contain more artifacts from different H2O projects.
Note: The release process creates two new commits and a new tag with the release version. However, the process does not push it to a remote repository, so it is necessary to perform a remote update manually using git push --tags or update the gradle/release.gradle settings and remove the --dry-run option from the pushOptions field.